
Type II diabetes has both a genetic and environmental trigger. In people who are prone to type II diabetes, cells reduce the number of receptor sites for insulin if the amount of insulin in the bloodstream increases. That is, if the body makes more insulin, cells changes so that they are less, rather than more, able to respond to it.
When overweight people with a hereditary tendency towards diabetes become inactive, diabetes can result. Even while cells all over the body are losing their ability to respond to insulin, fat cells undergo changes that make them accumulate fat more readily and release them more slowly, compounding poor circulation caused by lack of exercise. As fat cells become stuffed with triglycerides, even if sugar reaches them, they can’t process it. Gaining weight becomes easier. The muscle cells are forced to do more and more of the work of keeping blood sugar levels normal, even while their own insulin resistance eventually forces them to use fats and their own proteins for fuel.
If you do not manage your type II Diabetes, you will probably have to take insulin injections. Most type II diabetics have a grace period of about five years before they effectively become type I diabetics if they do not rigorously control blood sugars and exercise. Even when people have a genetic tendency towards type II diabetes and become overweight, however, diabetes is not necessarily inevitable.
Vigorous daily exercise maintains circulation. If increased circulatory health keeps the blood flowing, the fat cells that use insulin to “catch” circulating glucose and turn it into fat can keep blood sugar levels normal. Expanded muscle mass, from exercise, also enables muscle cells to use more glucose and keep bloodstream glucose levels low.
Exercise improves many parameters of diabetes. Physically trained diabetics experience many benefits: enhanced insulin sensitivity with a consequent diminished need for exogenous insulin, improved glucose tolerance and reduced total serum cholesterol and triglycerides with increased HDL levels and improved weight loss in obese diabetics. Exercise should be carefully adapted to the fitness of the diabetic patient and should be avoided during periods of hypoglycemia.